Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
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LEUKEMIA TREATMENT REGIMENS: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Continue Reading |
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Note: The NCCN guidelines for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) should be consulted for the management of patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma. |
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Clinical Trials: The NCCN recommends cancer patient participation in clinical trials as the gold standard for treatment. |
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Cancer therapy selection, dosing, administration, and the management of related adverse events can be a complex process that should be handled by an experienced healthcare team. Clinicians must choose and verify treatment options based on the individual patient; drug dose modifications and supportive care interventions should be administered accordingly. The acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cancer treatment regimens below may include both U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved and unapproved indications/regimens. These acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cancer treatment regimens are only provided to supplement the latest treatment strategies. These Cancer Treatment Guidelines are a work in progress that may be refined as often as new significant data becomes available. The NCCN Guidelines® are a consensus statement of its authors regarding their views of currently accepted approaches to treatment. Any clinician seeking to apply or consult any NCCN Guidelines® is expected to use independent medical judgment in the context of individual clinical circumstances to determine any patient’s care or treatment. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use, or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. |
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(Revised 2/2016; NCCN Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Guidelines v2.2015) © 2016 by Haymarket Media, Inc. |
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Ph(+) AYA (Age 15–39 years)1*†‡ |
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Note: All recommendations are Category 2A unless otherwise indicated. |
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REGIMEN |
DOSING |
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Children’s Oncology Group (COG) AALL-00312 |
Induction 4 weeks of standard induction chemotherapy Consolidation Block 1 (3 weeks) Day 1: Methotrexate (MTX) intrathecally (IT), etoposide 100mg/m2/day intravenously (IV), ifosfamide 3.4g/m2/day IV Days 1–21: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally Days 6–15: Filgrastim 5g/kg/day subcutaneously (SC) ± imatinib Days 8 and 15: CNS leukemia only: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT. Block 2 (3 weeks) Day 1: Age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT + MTX 5g/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 1–21: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 2–3: Leucovorin 75mg/m2 36 hours after MTX, followed by 15mg/m2 IV or orally every 6 hours for 6 doses + cytarabine 3g/m2/dose IV every 12 hours for 4 doses Days 4–13: Filgrastim 5g/kg/day SC. Reinduction Day 1: Vincristine 1.5mg/m2 IV + age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT Days 1–2: Daunorubicin 45mg/m2/day IV bolus Days 1–21: Dexamethasone 6mg/m2/day orally ± imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 3–4: Cyclophosphamide 250mg/m2/dose IV every 12 hours for 4 doses + mesna 125mg/m2/dose IV every 12 hours for 4 doses Days 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, and 21: L-asparaginase 6,000 IU/m2 intramuscularly (IM) Days 5–14: Filgrastim 5g/kg/day SC Days 8 and 15: Vincristine 1.5mg/m2 IV Day 15: Age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT. Intensification Day 1: Age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT + MTX 5g/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 1–63: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 2–3: Leucovorin 75mg/m2 36 hours after MTX, followed by 15mg/m2 IV or orally every 6 hours for 6 doses Day 8: MTX 5g/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 9–10: Leucovorin 75mg/m2 36 hours after MTX, followed by 15mg/m2 IV or orally every 6 hours for 6 doses Day 15: Age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT Days 15–19: Etoposide 100mg/m2/day IV + cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2/day IV + mesna 150mg/m2/day IV Days 20–29: Filgrastim 5mcg/kg/day SC Days 36–37: Cytarabine 3g/m2 IV Day 37: L-asparaginase 6,000 IU/m2 IM ± imatinib (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 43–44: Cytarabine 3g/m2 IV Day 44: L-asparaginase 6,000 IU/m2 IM ± imatinib (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course). Repeat reinduction block 2 (3 weeks) and intensification block 2 (9 weeks) sequentially. Maintenance Cycles 1–4 (8 weeks) Day 1: Age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT + vincristine 1.5mg/m2 IV + MTX 5g/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 1–5: Dexamethasone 6mg/m2/day orally Days 1–56: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 2–2: Leucovorin 75mg/m2 36 hours after MTX, followed by 15mg/m2 IV or orally every 6 hours for 6 doses Days 8, 15, and 22: MTX 20mg/m2/week orally Days 8–28: 6-mercaptopurine (MP) 75mg/m2/day Day 29: Age adjusted: MTX IT, hydrocortisone IT, cytarabine IT + vincristine 1.5mg/ m2 IV Days 29–33: Dexamethasone 6mg/m2/day orally Days 29–40: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 36–40: Etoposide 100mg/m2 IV + cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2 IV Days 41–50: Filgrastim 5g/kg/day SC. Cycles 5–12 (8 weeks) Cycle 5 only: Cranial irradiation 12 Gy Day 1: Vincristine 1.5mg/m2 IV Days 1–5: Dexamethasone 6mg/m2/day orally Days 1–14: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Days 8, 15, and 22: MTX 20mg/m2/week orally Days 8–28: 6-MP 75mg/m2/day Day 29: Vincristine 1.5mg/m2 IV Days 29–33: Dexamethasone 6mg/m2/day orally Days 29–42: Imatinib 340mg/m2/day orally (hold imatinib if patient does not achieve count recovery within 2 weeks of last dose of previous course) Day 36: MTX 20mg/m2/week orally Days 36–56: 6-MP 75mg/m2/day Days 43 and 50: MTX 20mg/m2/week orally. |
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Hyper-CVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) + Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)3-6 |
Induction 4 cycles Hyper-CVAD alternating with 4 cycles of high dose cytarabine and MTX. Days 1–14 of each cycle: Dasatinib 50mg orally twice daily (or 100mg daily) OR imatinib 400mg orally daily. OR Day 1: Cyclophosphamide 1,200mg/m2 IV over 3 hours Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 60mg/m2 IV over 1 hour Days 1–21: Prednisolone 60mg/m2 orally Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 1.3mg/m2 IV bolus Days 8–63: Imatinib 600mg orally Day 29: MTX 15mg IT, cytarabine 40mg IT, dexamethasone 4mg IT. OR Pretreatment for 7 days: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–40mg/m2/day. Days 1–45: Imatinib 800mg orally daily + prednisone 40mg/m2 daily (patients >60 years). OR Pretreatment for 7 days: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–60mg/m2/day Days 1–48: Dasatinib 70mg orally twice daily Days 1–24: Prednisone 60mg/m2 daily (max 120mg daily) Days 22 and 43: MTX IT Days 25–32: Prednisone taper. Consolidation Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), if a donor is available and consider post-HCT TKI. OR Continue multiagent chemotherapy + TKI. Maintenance MTX weekly + 6-MP daily + vincristine pulse monthly + prednisone pulse monthly for 2 to 3 years. |
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Multiagent Chemotherapy + TKIs7,8 |
Induction Day 1: Cyclophosphamide 1,200mg/m2 IV over 3 hours Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 60mg/m2 IV over 1 hour Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 1.3mg/m2 IV bolus Days 1–21: Prednisolone 60mg/m2 orally daily Days 8–63: Imatinib 600mg orally daily Day 29: MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 40mg IT + dexamethasone 4mg IT. Consolidation 1 Day 1: MTX 1g/m2 IV over 24 hours + MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 40mg IT + dexamethasone 4mg IT Days 1–3: Methylprednisolone 50mg IV over 1 hour × 2 doses Days 2 and 3: Cytarabine 2g/m2 IV over 3 hours. Repeat for 4 cycles. Consolidation 2 Day 1: MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 40mg IT + dexamethasone 4mg IT. Repeat for 4 cycles. Day 1–28: Imatinib 600mg orally daily. Maintenance Day 1: Vincristine 1.3mg/m2 IV bolus Days 1–5: Prednisolone 60mg/m2 orally daily Day 1–28: Imatinib 600mg orally daily Repeat every 4 weeks up to 2 years from the date of complete remission. |
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Ph(+) Adult (Age ≥40 years)1*†‡ |
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Hyper-CVAD + TKIs3-6 |
Induction 4 cycles Hyper-CVAD alternating with 4 cycles of high dose cytarabine and MTX. Days 1–14 of each cycle: Dasatinib 50mg orally twice daily (or 100mg daily)3 OR imatinib 400mg orally daily. OR Day 1: Cyclophosphamide 1,200mg/m2 IV over 3 hours Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 60mg/m2 IV over 1 hour Days 1–21: Prednisolone 60mg/m2 orally Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 1.3mg/m2 IV bolus Days 8–63: Imatinib 600mg orally Day 29: MTX 15mg IT, cytarabine 40mg IT, dexamethasone 4mg IT. OR Pretreatment for 7 days: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–40mg/m2/day Days 1–45: Imatinib 800mg orally daily + prednisone 40mg/m2 daily (patients >60 years). OR Pretreatment for 7 days: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–60mg/m2/day Days 1–24: Prednisone 60mg/m2 daily (max 120mg daily) Days 1–48: Dasatinib 70mg orally twice daily Days 22 and 43: MTX IT Days 25–32: Prednisone taper. Consolidation Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), if a donor is available and consider post-HSCT TKI. OR Continue multiagent chemotherapy + TKI. Maintenance MTX weekly + 6-MP daily + vincristine pulse monthly + prednisone pulse monthly for 2 to 3 years. |
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Multiagent Chemotherapy + TKIs7,8 |
Induction Day 1: Cyclophosphamide 1,200mg/m2 IV over 3 hours Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 60mg/m2 IV over 1 hour Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 1.3mg/m2 IV bolus Days 1–21: Prednisolone 60mg/m2 orally daily Days 8–63: Imatinib 600mg orally daily Day 29: MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 40mg IT + dexamethasone 4mg IT. Consolidation 1 Day 1: MTX 1g/m2 IV over 24 hours + MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 40mg IT + dexamethasone 4mg IT Days 1–3: Methylprednisolone 50mg IV over 1 hour × 2 Days 2 and 3: Cytarabine 2g/m2 IV over 3 hours. Repeat for 4 cycles. Consolidation 2 Day 1: MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 40mg IT + dexamethasone 4mg IT. Repeat for 4 cycles. Days 1–28: Imatinib 600mg orally daily Maintenance Day 1: Vincristine 1.3mg/m2 IV bolus Days 1–5: Prednisolone 60mg/m2 orally daily Day 1–28: Imatinib 600mg orally daily. Repeat every 4 weeks up to 2 years from the date of complete remission. |
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Corticosteroids + TKIs9-11 |
Pretreatment Days 1–7: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–40mg/m2 orally daily. Induction Days 1–45: Imatinib 800mg orally daily + prednisone 40mg/m2 orally daily. OR Pretreatment Days 1–7: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–60mg/m2 orally daily. Induction Days 1–84: Dasatinib 70mg orally twice daily Days 1–32: Prednisone 60mg/m2 orally daily (maximum 120mg daily) until day 24, then tapered and stopped at day 32 Days 22 and 43: MTX 15mg IT. |
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Vincristine + Dexamethasone + TKIs12,13 |
Pretreatment Days 1–7: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–40mg/m2 orally daily. Induction Cycle 1: Days 1–28: Imatinib 800mg orally daily Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–2, 8-9, 15–16, and 22–23: Dexamethasone 40mg orally daily. Cycle 2: Day 1: MTX 1g/m2 IV Days 2 and 3: Cytarabine 3g/m2 IV every 12 hours Days 1–14: Imatinib 800mg orally daily. OR Pretreatment Days 1–7: Prednisone at increasing doses from 10–40mg/m2 orally daily. Induction Cycle 1: Days 1–28: Dasatinib 140mg orally once daily (100 mg if patient >70 years) Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 1mg IV Days 1–2, 8–9, 15–16, and 22–23: Dexamethasone 40mg orally daily (20mg if patient >70 years). Consolidation Cycles 1, 3, and 5: Days 1–28: Dasatinib 100mg orally daily Day 1: MTX 1g/m2 IV (500mg/m² if patient >70 years) Day 2: Asparaginase 10,000UI/m2 IM (5,000UI/m² if patient >70 years) Cycles 2, 4, and 6: Days 1–28: Dasatinib 100mg orally daily Day 1, 3, and 5: Cytarabine 1,000mg/m2 every 12 hours IV (500mg/m² if patient >70 years). Maintenance Dasatinib sequentially with 6-MP and MTX orally one every other month, plus dexamethasone and vincristine every 2 months up to 24 months, followed by dasatinib alone until relapse or death. |
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Ph(−) AYA (Age 15–39 years)1*†‡ |
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GRAALL-200314 |
Corticosteroid Pre-Phase 1–7 days before induction therapy: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day 4–7 days before induction therapy: MTX 15mg IT. Induction Day 1: Cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2/day + vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 50mg/m2/day Days 1–14: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day Day 8: Vincristine 2mg IV + L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day Days 10 and 12: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day Day 15: Vincristine 2mg IV Day 15: For Good Early Responders: Cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2/day. OR Days 15 and 16: For Poor Early Responders: Cyclophosphamide 500mg/m2/12 hours Days 15 and 16: Daunorubicin 30mg/m2/day Day 17: Lenograstim 150mcg/m2/day to myeloid recovery Days 20 and 22: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day Day 22: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 24, 26, and 28: L-asparaginase 6,000 units/m2/day. Salvage Days 1–3: Idarubicin 12mg/m2/day Days 1–4: Cytarabine 2g/m2/12 hours Day 9: Filgrastim to myeloid recovery. Consolidation Blocks 1, 4, and 7: Days 1 and 2: Cytarabine 2g/m2/12 hours + dexamethasone 10mg/12 hours Day 3: L-asparaginase 10,000IU/m2/day Days 7–13: Filgrastim to myeloid recovery. Blocks 2, 5, and 8: Day 15: MTX 3g/m2 continuous infusion + vincristine 2mg IV + 6-MP 60mg/m2/day Day 16: L-asparaginase 10,000IU/m2/day Days 16–21: 6-MP 60mg/m2/day Days 22–27: Filgrastim to myeloid recovery. Blocks 3, 6, and 9: Day 29: MTX 25mg/m2/day Days 29 and 30: Cyclophosphamide 500mg/m2/day + etoposide 75mg/m2/day Day 31: Filgrastim to myeloid recovery. Late intensification between consolidation blocks 6 and 7 (for patients in complete remission [CR] after the first induction course) Day 1: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 30mg/m2/day Days 1–14: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day Day 8: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 8, 10, and 12: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day Day 15: Vincristine 2mg IV + cyclophosphamide 500mg/m2/12 hours Days 18, 20, and 22: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day. Late intensification between consolidation blocks 6 and 7 (for patients in CR after salvage course) Days 1–3: Idarubicin 9mg/m2/day Days 1–4: Cytarabine 2g/m2/12 hours Day 9: Filgrastim to myeloid recovery. Maintenance Months 1–12 Day 1: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–7: Prednisone 40mg/m2/day. Months 1–24 Daily: 6-MP 60mg/m2/day Weekly: MTX 25mg/m2/week. CNS Therapy—Prophylaxis Triple IT Injection 1 IT injection at Days 1 and 8 of induction; 1 IT injection at Day 29 of each series of consolidation blocks; 1 IT injection at Day 1 of late intensification. Cranial Irradiation 18Gy before maintenance therapy initiation. 6-MP 60mg/m2/day during irradiation. CNS Therapy—Treatment of patients with initial CNS involvement: Triple IT Injection 8 IT injections starting from 7 days before induction to Day 21 of induction; 4 IT injections during the first 2 consolidation blocks; 1 IT injection at Day 29 of consolidation blocks 3 and 6. Cranial Irradiation 15Gy before HCT or 24Gy before maintenance therapy initiation 6-MP 60mg/m2/day during irradiation. |
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COG AALL-043415 |
Induction Day 1: Cytarabine IT Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine IV + daunorubicin IV Days 1–28: Prednisone IV or orally twice daily Day 4, 5, or 6: Pegasparaginase IM or IV over 1–2 hours Days 8 and 29: Methotrexate IT. Consolidation Days 1–5 and 43–47: Nelarabine IV over 60 minutes Days 15, 22, 57, and 64: Methotrexate IT Days 8 and 50: Cyclophosphamide IV over 30 minutes Days 8–11, 15–18, 50–53, and 57–60: Cytarabine IV over 15–30 minutes or SC Days 8–21 and 50–63: Mercaptopurine orally Days 22, 29, 64, and 71: Vincristine sulfate IV Days 22 and 64: Pegaspargase IM or IV over 1 to 2 hours. |
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CCG-196116,17 |
Induction Day 0: Cytarabine IT Days 0 and 7: Vincristine IV + daunorubicin IV over 15 minutes to 2 hours Days 0–7: Prednisone orally daily Days 3, 5, and 7: Asparaginase or pegasparaginase IM. |
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PETHEMA ALL-9618 |
Induction Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 2mg IV + daunorubicin 30mg/m2 IV Days 1–27: Prednisone 60mg/m2 IV or orally Days 1 and 29: Methotrexate 15mg IT + cytarabine 30mg IT + hydrocortisone 20mg IT. Days 10–12, 17–19, and 24–26: Asparaginase 10,000U/m2 Days 28–35: Prednisone 30mg/m2 IV or orally Day 36: Cyclophosphamide 1,000mg/m2 IV Consolidation Days 1–7: Mercaptopurine 50mg/m2 orally Days 1, 28, and 56: Methotrexate 3g/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 14 and 42: Teniposide 150mg/m2 IV every 12 hours Days 14, 15, 42, and 43: Cytarabine 500mg/m2 IV every 12 hours Days 1, 28, and 56: Methotrexate 15mg IT + cytarabine 30mg IT + hydrocortisone 20mg IT. Consolidation-2/Reinduction Days 1–14: Dexamethasone 10mg/m2 orally or IV daily Days 1, 2, 8, and 9: Daunorubicin 30mg/m2 IV Days 1–3 and 15–17: Asparaginase 10,000U/m2 IM or IV Days 1, 8, and 15: Vincristine 1.5mg/m2 IV Days 1 and 15: Cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 IV + MTX 15mg IT + cytarabine 30mg IT + hydrocortisone 20mg IT Days 15–21: Dexamethasone 5mg/m2 orally or IV daily. Maintenance-1 Methotrexate 20mg/m2 IM weekly until week 52 Mercaptopurine 50mg/m2 orally daily until week 52. |
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CALGB 1040319 |
Induction Day 1: Cytarabine IT Days 8 and 29: Methotrexate IT Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Daunorubicin IV + Vincristine IV Day 4: PEG-asparaginase. Consolidation Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Methotrexate IT Days 1 and 29: Cyclophosphamide IV Days 1–4, 8–11, 29–32, and 36–39: Cytarabine Days 1–14 and 29–42: 6-Mercaptopurine orally Days 15, 22, 43, and 50: Vincristine IV Day 15 and 43: PEG-asparaginase. Interim Maintenance Days 1 and 31: Methotrexate IT Days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41: Vincristine IV + methotrexate Days 2 and 22: PEG-asparaginase Delayed Intensification Days 1, 29, and 36: Methotrexate IT Days 1–7 and 15–21: Dexamethasone orally Days 1, 8, and 15: Doxorubicin IV Days 4 and 43: PEG-asparaginase Day 29: Cyclophosphamide IV Days 29–32 and 36–39: Cytarabine IV Days 29–42: 6-Thioguanine orally Maintenance Days 15 and 29: Methotrexate IT of first 4 courses of maintenance Days 1, 29, and 57: Vincristine IV For Females: Days 1–5, 29–33, and 57–61: Dexamethasone orally for 2 years from interim maintenance For Males: Days 1–84: 6-Mercaptopurine orally for 3 years from interim maintenance Days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78: Methotrexate; held on day 29 of first 4 courses of maintenance when methotrexate IT is given. |
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Ph(−) Adult (Age ≥40 years)1*†‡ |
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CALGB 8811 (Larson Regimen)20 |
Induction Day 1: Cyclophosphamide 1,200mg/m2 IV Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 45mg/m2 IV Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–21: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day orally Days 5, 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2 SC. Consolidation Day 1: Methotrexate 15mg IT + cyclophosphamide 1,000mg/m2 IV Days 1–14: 6-Mercaptopurine 60mg/m2/day orally Days 1–4 and 8–11: Cytarabine 75mg/m2/day SC Days 15 and 22: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 15, 18, 22, and 25: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2 SC. Repeat cycle every 4 weeks for 2 cycles, followed by: Days 1–12: Cranial irradiation 2,400cGy Days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29: Methotrexate 15mg IT Days 1–70: 6-Mercaptopurine 60mg/m2/day orally Days 36, 43, 50, 57, and 64: Methotrexate 20mg/m2 orally, followed by: Days 1, 8, and 15: Doxorubicin 30mg/m2 IV Days 1, 8, and 15: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–14: Dexamethasone 10mg/m2/day orally Day 29: Cyclophosphamide 1,000mg/m2 IV Days 29–42: 6-Thioguanine 60mg/m2/day orally Days 29–32 and 36–39: Cytarabine 75mg/m2/day SC, followed by: Day 1: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–5: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day orally Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Methotrexate 20mg/m2 orally Days 1–28: 6-Mercaptopurine 60mg/m2/day orally. Repeat cycle every 4 weeks until 24 months from diagnosis. |
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Linker 4-Drug Regimen21 |
Induction Days 1–3: Daunorubicin 50mg/m2/day IV Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–28: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day orally Days 17–28: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day IM. If bone marrow on day 14 has residual leukemia: Day 15: Daunorubicin 50mg/m2 IV. If bone marrow on day 28 has residual leukemia: Day 29 and 30: Daunorubicin 50mg/m2 IV Days 29–35: L-asparaginase 6,000IU/m2/day IM. Days 29–42: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day orally. Consolidation Cycles 1, 3, 5, and 7: Days 1 and 2: Daunorubicin 50mg/m2/day IV Days 1 and 8: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–14: Prednisone 60mg/m2/day orally Days 4, 7, 9, 11, and 14: L-asparaginase 12,000 units/m2/day IM. Cycles 2, 4, 6, & 8: Days 1, 4, 8, and 11: Teniposide 165mg/m2 IV + cytarabine 300mg/m2 IV. Cycle 9: Methotrexate 690mg/m2 IV over 42 hours, followed by leucovorin 15mg/m2 IV every 6 hours x 12 doses, followed by: Methotrexate 20mg/m2 orally weekly + 6-Mercaptopurine 75mg/m2 orally daily for 30 months. |
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Hyper-CVAD ± Rituximab22,23 |
Cycles 1, 3, 5, and 7 Days 1–3: Cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2 IV every 12 hours + mesna 600mg/m2/day continuous IV infusion starting 1 hour before cyclophosphamide until 12 hours after completion of cyclophosphamide Days 1–4 and 11–14: Dexamethasone 40mg orally daily, ± Days 1 and 8: Rituximab 375mg/m2 IV. Day 4: Doxorubicin 50mg/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 4 and 11: Vincristine 2mg IV Cycles 2, 4, 6, and 8 Day 1: Methotrexate 200mg/m2 IV over 2 hours followed by 800mg/m2 continuous IV infusion over 22 hours following by leucovorin 50mg IV every 6 hours starting 12 hours after completion of MTX until MTX level <0.05uM Days 2–3: Cytarabine 3g/m2 (1g/m2 for patients >60 years old) IV over 2 hours every 12 hours, ± Days 1 and 8: Rituximab 375mg/m2 IV. CNS Prophylaxis Day 2: Methotrexate 12mg IT Day 8: Cytarabine 100mg IT. |
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MRC UKALLXII/ECOG299324 |
Induction Phase 1 (Weeks 1–4): Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Daunorubicin 60mg/m2 IV + vincristine 1.4mg/m2 IV Days 1–28: Prednisone 60mg/m2 orally daily Day 15: Methotrexate 12.5mg IT Days 17–28: L-asparaginase 10,000IU IV or IM. Phase 2 (Weeks 5–8): Days 1, 15, and 29: Cyclophosphamide 650mg/m2 IV Days 1–4, 8–11, 15–18, and 22–25: Cytarabine 75mg/m2 IV Days 1–28: 6-Mercaptopurine 6mg/m2 orally daily Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Methotrexate 12.5mg IT. Intensification: Days 1, 8, and 22: Methotrexate 3g/m2 IV Days 2, 9, and 23: L-asparaginase 10,000IU IM or IV + standard leucovorin rescue. Consolidation Cycle 1: Days 1–5: Etoposide 100mg/m2 IV + cytarabine 75mg/m2 IV Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Vincristine 1.4mg/m2 IV Days 1–28: Dexamethasone 10mg/m2 orally daily. Cycle 2 (4 Weeks After Cycle 1): Days 1–5: Cytarabine 75mg/m2 IV + etoposide 100mg/m2 IV. Cycle 3 (4 Weeks After Cycle 2): Days 1, 8, 15, and 22: Daunorubicin 25mg/m2 IV Day 29: Cyclophosphamide 650mg/m2 IV Days 31–34 and 38–41: Cytarabine 75mg/m2 IV Days 29–42: Thioguanine 60mg/m2 orally daily. Maintenance: Vincristine 1.4mg/m2 IV every 3 months Prednisone 60mg/m2 orally for 5 days every 3 months 6-Mercaptopurine 75mg/m2 orally daily Methotrexate 20mg/m2 orally or IV once weekly. Continue for 2.5 years from start of intensification therapy. |
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Relapsed or Refractory ALL1* |
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Ph(+) ALL |
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Dasatinib25,26§ |
Dasatinib 140mg orally daily. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. |
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Nilotinib27¶ |
Nilotinib 400mg orally twice daily. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. |
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Bosutinib28∥ |
Bosutinib 500mg orally daily. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. |
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Ponatinib29** |
Ponatinib 45mg orally daily. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. |
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Ph(−) ALL |
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Clofarabine-Containing Regimens30,31 |
Induction Days 1–5: Clofarabine 40mg/m2 IV over 2 hours + etoposide 100mg/m2 IV over 2 hours + cyclophosphamide 440mg/m2 IV over 1 hours. Consolidation Days 1–4: Clofarabine 40mg/m2 IV over 2 hours + etoposide 100mg/m2 IV over 2 hours + cyclophosphamide 440mg/m2 IV over 1 hours. |
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Cytarabine-Containing Regimens32 |
Days 1–5: Cytarabine 3g/m2 IV over 3 hours Day 3: Idarubicin 40mg/m2. |
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Alkylator-Containing Regimens33 |
Days 1–3: Mitoxantrone 8mg/m2 IV daily Days 1–5: Etoposide 100mg/m2 IV daily + ifosfamide 1.5g/m2 IV daily. |
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Nelarabine (for T-ALL)34 |
Days 1, 3, and 5: Nelarabine 1.5g/m2/day IV over 2 hours Repeat cycle every 21 days. |
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Augmented Hyper-CVAD35 |
Cycles 1, 3, 5, and 7 Day 1: Pegaspargase 2,500units/m2 IV Days 1–3: Cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2 IV every 12 hours for 6 doses + MESNA 600mg/m2 continuous IV infusion over 24 hours daily Day 4: Doxorubicin 50mg/m2 IV over 24 hours Days 1, 8, and 15: Vincristine 2mg IV Days 1–4 and 15–18: Dexamethasone 80mg IV or orally. Cycles 2, 4, 6, and 8 Day 1: MTX 1g/m2 IV over 24 hours with leucovorin 50mg IV given 12 hours after completion of MTX, followed by leucovorin 15mg IV every 6 hours for 8 doses Days 2–3: Cytarabine 3g/m2 IV every 12 hours for 4 doses Day 5: Pegaspargase 2,500units/m2 IV. Maintenance Mercaptopurine 50mg orally 3 times daily + MTX 20mg/m2 orally weekly + vincristine 2mg IV every 28–35 days + prednisone 200mg orally daily on days 1–5. |
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Vincristine Sulfate Liposome Injection36,37 |
Liposomal vincristine sulfate 2.25mg/m2 IV over 1 hour once weekly until response, progression, toxicity, or pursuit of HCT. |
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Blinatumomab38-40*** |
Cycle 1 Days 1–7: Blinatumomab 9mcg/day continuous IV infusion Days 8–28: Blinatumomab 28mcg/day continuous IV infusion. Subsequent Cycles Days 1–28: Blinatumomab 28mcg/day continuous IV infusion. Repeat cycle every 42 days. |
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* All regimens include CNS prophylaxis with systemic therapy (eg, methotrexate, cytarabine, 6-MP) and/or IT therapy (eg, IT methotrexate, IT cytarabine; triple IT therapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, corticosteroid). † For patients receiving 6-MP, consider testing for TPMT gene polymorphisms, particularly in patients who develop severe neutropenia after starting 6-MP. ‡ Dose modifications for antimetabolites in maintenance should be consistent with the chosen treatment regimen. It may be necessary to reduce dose/eliminate antimetabolite in the setting of myelosuppression and/or hepatotoxicity. § For patients with mutations Y253H, E255K/V or F359V/C/I. ¶ For patients with mutations F317L/V/I/C, T315A or V299L. ∥ For patients with mutations E255K/V, F317L/V/I/C, T315A or Y253H. ** Ponatinib has activity against T315I mutations and is effective in treating patients with resistant or progressive disease on multiple TKIs, but is associated with a high frequency of serious vascular events. *** Blinatumuomab may cause severe, life-threatening, or fatal adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicities. Understanding the REMS programs and/or experience in the use of the drug as well as resources to monitor the patient closely are essential. |
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References |
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Hematologic Cancer Drug Monographs
This article originally appeared on Cancer Therapy Advisor
