A recent study has found that a procedure to take tissue samples from lung cancer patients can be used safely in the elderly. This allows doctors to make a more accurate diagnosis and to choose appropriate treatment.
Half of all lung cancer patients are older than 70 years at diagnosis, but studies have shown that these older patients are less likely to receive an accurate diagnosis. A correct assessment of the stage of a patient’s disease, determining how much their tumor has grown and spread, is key to ensuring they receive the right treatment.
Noninvasive methods of checking whether a patient’s cancer has spread to their lymph nodes have limited sensitivity and until recently the only way to obtain a tissue sample was under general anaesthetic, which limits its use in elderly patients who often present with other conditions that may restrict the use of general anaesthesia.
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Now researchers at University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester, which is part of the Manchester Cancer Research Centre in the United Kingdom, have looked at a newer technique: endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). This method is carried out under sedation while the patient is still conscious and uses ultrasound to guide a sampling needle down and through the airways of the lungs.
“We wanted to see if there were any differences between patients [younger] than 70 years and those older than 70 [years], in terms of both the safety of the technique and how useful it was for diagnosis,” said study leader Richard Booton, MD, PhD, MRCP, Consultant Respiratory Physician at the North West Lung Centre and senior lecturer at the University’s Institute of Inflammation and Repair.
The team recently published their results in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014; doi:10.1097/JTO.0000000000000085) and found that the procedure was well tolerated at all ages, even in those patients older than 80 years. They also showed that EBUS-TBNA is effective for assessing whether a patient’s tumor had spread to the lymph nodes.
“Being able to safely take tissue samples will also allow us to test for specific tumor subtypes and better decide the most appropriate treatment for each individual patient,” added Booton.
