A team of researchers has identified a novel mutation in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Korea that appears only in men and could help explain why HBV-infected men are roughly five times more likely than HBV-infected women to develop liver cancer. Although some women do progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer, the mutation is absent in HBV in women. The research was published ahead of print in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2013; doi:10.1128/JCM.01505-13).
“This is the first mutation found that can explain the gender disparity in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma,” said corresponding author Bum-Joon Kim, PhD, of Seoul National University, Korea.
In the study, the researchers randomly collected and analyzed serum samples from 292 patients with chronic HBV infection who visited one of three hospitals in Korea from 2003 to 2005. Previous studies had suggested that a gene mutation known as W4P/R was associated with higher incidence of liver cancer and cirrhosis. They developed an assay to specifically identify HBV with the W4P/R mutation. When compared to patient outcomes, the W4P/R mutation was significantly associated with severe liver disease and was found exclusively in male patients.
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The investigators believe the assay they developed to discover the mutation may hold promise as a diagnostic for predicting male progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer. They caution that first larger studies are necessary to confirm their findings, as only 67 of the 292 samples came from women.
HBV infection is a global health problem, with 350 million chronic carriers of the virus, a number that is roughly equivalent to the combined populations of the United States and Canada. The prevalence of infection ranges from less than half a percent in the United States to around 10% in Asia, to as high as 15% in parts of Africa. Major means of transmission include injection drug abuse, unprotected sex, and transmission via childbirth. Worldwide mortality is approximately 600,000 people annually, according to the World Health Organization. In the United States, despite the availability of a vaccine, an estimated 3,000 people die annually from hepatocellular cancer or chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis B.
